When people first start taking an interest in Southwestern and Native art and jewelry, they often ask, "what does this symbol mean?". There are certain designs and symbols that are iconic to Native and Native inspired art; pottery, baskets, rugs, and jewelry feature designs that are instantly recognizable as "Native", "Tribal" or "Indian". It is natural to want to assign meaning to things we deem as valuable; and Native art certainly is!

The United States is home to 574 federally recognized Tribes, and while it's tempting to overgeneralize Native culture, it's important to reflect on the fact that each Tribe has its own unique language, culture, religion, history, and items or symbols that are sacred in a way that is proprietary to each tribe or even family. 

Author and researcher Mark Bahti wrote a wonderful brochure in 1994 entitled: Southwest Indian Designs With Some Explanations. In the opening paragraph, he makes this point: "It is important to understand that while symbols can be used as designs, not all designs are symbols: everything does not have to 'mean' something."

Well said, Mr. Bahti! 

While there are some symbols that may seem to have general, or even universal meaning (example: some people associate a bear claw with protection and strength), it is good to remember that not all tribes view the same symbol as meaning the same thing, or even use it at all. Many symbols are Tribe specific, and many designs are artist specific!  

A relatable instance of this concept is the cross. While universally recognized as a symbol of Christianity, the cross has ancient roots that pre-date the Christian era.  Even today, not everyone who wears a cross, or uses it for decoration, would place the same value on it, or assign to it the same meaning. Those who use the cross may or may not identify as Christian. But each person has the right to hold that symbol as sacred as they wish. 

It is very similar with Native symbols and designs. Some are so ancient that their use and meaning has evolved over time. Some are Artist interpretations. Some have lost original meaning and have become significant in new and special ways.  

That being said, there are some specific symbols that do have more concrete significance, such as the Zuni Sun Face, or Sun Symbol, which traditionally used to represent just that: the sun.

 The bottom line is, if an artist feels comfortable putting a design or symbol on a piece of their craft that they offer up for sale, you can feel comfortable in purchasing, wearing, using, or displaying that item. And if it a certain symbol or design resonates with you, then you are tapping into its intended meaning.